Print Categories

The following are the categories of prints:

Toile Prints

1. Engraved scenic designs.
2. Printed in one color
3. Always printed on white or off white background.
4. Layouts are predominantly all-over and stripes.

Liberty Prints



1. Found in small to medium sized prints.
2. Dominantly floral motifs
3. Stripes, tossed or all-over

Geometric Prints



1. Made with circles, squares, triangles, spirals and stars.

Botanical Prints



Botanical motifs

Dot Prints



Art Nouveau Prints



Floral Prints



Scenic or Landscape Print



Motif Print



1. Motifs are simply repeated
2. Have a graphic and illustrative look

Animal Print



1. Mimic animal skins

Nautical Prints



Folklore Design




Patchwork Prints



Script Print



Oriental Print



- Inspiration from Asian countries like China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Tibet, Bhutan, Mongolia

Conversational Print



- People, birds and animals
- These prints convey and communicate

Victorian Prints



- Elaborate and ornamental
- motifs inspired from nature.
- forms such as pomegranate, stylized leaves,
- Greek mythology
- Roses

Pucci Prints



- psychedelic and abstract in multicolors
- along with geometric shapes there are swirls, circles and organic shapes

Country Inspired Prints


Graphic Prints


- Minimalist
- Bold colors
- Not very intricate
- Simple Motifs
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Art Inspiration in Textile Design

Textile Design - specially printing has its influence on major art movements in the west. It would be worthwhile to understand the movements and to recognise them so that an appreciation of existing prints and designs can be taken. Here is a brief account of the movements.

Abstract Expressionism

Freely Created Abstractions

Impressionism

Strokes of unmixed colors to give impression of reflected light.

Pop Art

It imitated the techniques of commercial art and the styles of popular culture and mass media.

Pointillism

Technique of painting with tiny dots of pure colors that would blend in the users' eyes.

Art Deco

It is marked by stylised forms and geometric designs

Art Nouveau

It is characterised by stylized natural forms and sinous outlines of objects such as leaves, vines and flowers.

Constructivism

Industrial materials were used to construct non representational objects.

Cubism

Features surfaces of geometric planes

Expressionism

Emphasise Artist's expression of inner experiences

Fauvisim

Characterised by bright and nonnatural colors and simple forms.

Futurism

Tries to express the energy and values of the machine age.

Minimalism

Emphasised extreme simplification of form and color.

Surrealism

Uses fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams.

Symbolism

Tried to express abstract or mystical ideas through the symbolic use of symbols.

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Is every double Ikat a Telia Rumal

Ikat is a yarn resist technique wherein the yarns are tie-dyed, and on weaving a pattern is created on the surface of the fabric.

In single Ikat fabrics, either warp or weft is tie-dyed and woven with the other thread ( weft or warp) of solid color. In double Ikat, both warp and weft are tie-dyed according to a pre-determined pattern and then woven to create design on the fabric.

Double Ikat

Telia Rumal traditionally woven in Chirala, is originally a square constructed. However now the fabrics, or sarees are woven in this construction. A Telia -as it called today- is a double ikat construction with a typical color and design pattern.

The typical colors of Telias are Terracota red and black using natural dyes. The fabrics are mordanted with iron solution and alum so that on dyeing with alizarine, areas with iron become deep black and the ones with alum turned red.

As far as design is concerned, the layout of typical Telia comprise of a geometrical grid like patterning with borders all around, thereby creating small squares at the four corners.

There is also a confusion between Pochampally Ikat and Telia. Pochampally is a commercial application of Telia Rumal technique as well as patola technique of Gujarat. They use single, double or combined ikat techniques to produce sarees and fabric which are cost effective and popular.

Source

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Indian Traditional Embroidery- How to Recognise-2

West India

Continued from Part-1

1. Gujarat Kutchh

Abla Bharat

Mochi Bharat

Soof Bharat

2. Parasi

Central India

1. Chikankari- Uttar Pradesh

2. Phoolpatti- Uttar Pradesh

3. Zardozi- Uttar Pradesh

South India

1. Kasuti- Karnataka

2. Lambani

East India

1. Kantha- West Bengal

2. Sujani- Bihar

3. Pipli Applique- Orissa

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What are Dhalapathar Sarees

Dhalapathar sarees are woven in the Dhalapathar in Khurda district of Orissa. These are woven by Rangani community in the village.

Source:http://www.parisera.com/

These are also known as Kusumi Kapta, Kankana Pedi, Muktapunji, Nahati and Akata.

The yarn is cotton and they are woven in 20s to 2/120s count. Sizing is done only when 20s or 26s yarn in used. With mercerised yarn, no sizing is required. It is woven in fly shuttle pit looms. Ground weave is plain. Cotton healds are used for each warp.

Figuring is done with extra warp. For that flat rectangular wooden pieces called "Chiaris" are used. However now frame looms and Jalas are also used. The designing is done using weft rib of either 4 up 1 down or 6 up one down.

The dyeing is done using synthetic dyes.

For more details please refer to this source. and this one.



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Indian Traditional Embroidery - How to Recognise-1

A Structure of Traditional Embroidery in India:

The CBSE book on Indian traditional Textile has enumerated a structure to study Indian Traditional Embroidery. I am reproducing briefly the structure

North India

1. Kashida- Kashmir
2. Phulkari- Punjab
3. Chamba Rumal- Himachal Pradesh

West India
1. Gujarat Kutchh
2. Parasi

Central India

1. Chikankari- Uttar Pradesh
2. Phoolpatti- Uttar Pradesh
3. Zardozi- Uttar Pradesh

South India

1. Kasuti- Karnataka
2. Lambani

East India

1. Kantha- West Bengal
2. Sujani- Bihar
3. Pipli Applique- Orissa

The basic Takeaways from this book are as follows:

1. Kashidakari

- Practiced by Mensfolk
- Main stitches are darning stitch, stem stitch, satin stitch and chain stitch

There are three styles of Kashidakari

a. Sozni- Use fly stitch, stem stitch and darning stitch

b. Aari Style- This is also called Zalakdozi

c. Kashmiri Couching

Phulkari

The base material is khadi dyed in darker colors. Soft untwisted "Pat" silk is used for embroidery.

Basic stitch is darning stitch, done from the reverse side of the fabric. Outlining stem, chain and herringbone stitches are used.

One motif is left unembroidered or done in off color to ward of evil. This is called Nazarbuti.

There are two styles of embroidery:
a. Bagh- fully embroidered wrap- used on special occasion.
b. Phulkari- lightly embroidered- Daily use.''

Chamba Rumal

The base is either light mull or heavy Khaddar.
Embroidery is done using dyed, untwisted silk threads called "Pat"
Uses double satin stitch. Produces reversible fabric.

Will continue...

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Source

Word Origins of Some Textile Terms

Cotton

Cotton originated in Arbic qutn, the name for cotton plant.

Silk

Word silk originated in Chinese si. Greek called Silk traders Seres, "silk people". This is the origin of the words like Sericulture and Serge. 

However, the 'l' rather than an 'r' came through Russian Shelk.

Linen

The word comes from old Germanic "lin" meaning "Flax"which is an origin of the words such as linseed.

It has contributed to other words such as Lingerie, crinoline, linoleum and lint. 

Wool

It came from Indo-European "wlna". the word flannel is related to it.

Source: Bloomsbury Dictionary of Word Origins by John Ayto.

Spinning

Spin comes from Indo-European Base "spen" which means to stretch. The logic seems to make sense as spinning essentially involves stretching or drafting of a strand of fibers.

The words span, spinster, spider, spill and spindle are related to it.

Weaving

The origin is from Germanic "Weben"- to weave. This is the source of the words wafter, wasp, web and weft. 

Dyeing

The source of this word remain unknown.

Printing

The origin comes from Latin "premere" meant press. The words impression are related to it.

Bleaching

The origin comes from Germanic base "blaik-"means to whiten. The words blight and blink are related to it.

Textile

Latin texere means to "weave" which came from Indo European base "tek-" to make. It is the origin of the words text, context, pretext, subtle, texture, tissue and toilet, technical and architect.

Cloth

The history of the word cloth is Germanic "kleid"- means garment.

Fabric 

The word fabric is related to carpenter. The origin is the word "Faber" which means a carpenter. Other related words are fabricate and forge.

Apparel

It has the same source as apparatus, which came from apparare "make ready". The other related words are parent and prepare.

Yarn

The root came from prehistoric German "garn" which is originated from Greek "Khorde"- sting. The other related words are chord and cord. 

Fashion

The word came from Latin factio "make" or "do". The words related to it are difficult, fact, faction and factory. 

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